Monthly Archives: August 2024

The 4% Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, etc., etc., etc.

Ok, the whole book title is The 4-Percent Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Race to Discover the Rest of Reality. This book documented the process of how two different teams of scientists discovered that the expansion of the universe is accelerating back in 1998. If you are interested in the sociology of how different scientific disciplines do their work, this would be of interest. The author explained how the astronomers did group-based work quite differently from the physicists.

For example, on page 229, one can read this. “The core of White’s argument was that astronomy and particle physics constituted two different cultures. Astronomers, White said, were ‘generalists,’ exploring the complexities of the universe on a case-by-case basis. Particle physicists were ‘fundamentalists,’ wringing the complexities of the universe in the hope of squeezing out an ‘ultimate foundation’—a ‘Truth.’ ‘Dark Energy,’ he wrote, ‘is a unique link between them, reflecting deep aspects of the Fundamental Theory, yet apparently accessible only through astronomical observation.'” (From https://millstonenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/panek4PercentUniverse.pdf)

The book covered dozens and dozens of scientists, and I got lost trying to keep track of them all in my head. I probably should have taken notes. Pictures of the scientists involved might have helped me keep track of them all.

Overall, if you are interested in learning more about dark energy, and how different scientific teams work together (or not), then this book would be a worthwhile read.

Two more books that I’ve read or skimmed

And, here they are.

The Evolution of Useful Things. This was by Henry Petroski, may he rest in peace. I don’t know if I would call in fascinating, but it was an interesting look into how very simple things have been designed over the last couple of hundred years. Some of the examples included forks, paperclips, zippers, and more. He did circle back to forks in different parts of the book, so it seemed like he wandered in the topics sometimes. I may have skimmed or skipped some pages, since it was less than thrilling. But, I am looking forward to reading his book about — The Pencil.

Do Numbers Exist? A Debate about Abstract Objects. This was a philosophers pissing contest between Peter van Inwagen and William Lane Craig. I should have looked at the author list first, since I’ve known that William Lane Craig was a theistic apologist. They both brought up god even though I don’t see what god would have to do with the philosophy of whether numbers truly exist or not. They tried to get very deep into the philosophical weeds so that they could impress the readers with how much they know about how to use philosophical jargon over most people’s heads. In the end, I sided more with Peter van Inwagen, since he seemed to be of the mind that numbers actually exist. Most of the book was not really about numbers, but more about the existence of abstract objects in general. I liked the segment starting on page 211 about the concept — do chairs exist? It reminded me of the line by John Oliver — Do Owls exist? Are there hats?

I skimmed the vast majority of the book, but It did get me thinking about the existence of numbers. I think that the number pi exists. If there is an intelligent life form that has studied mathematics outside of our solar system, it also knows how to calculate pi, and it knows that it has an infinite number of digits (in whatever number base it uses). The fact that it is reproducible and exactly calculated in another part of the universe makes it exist. Also, why would god make a number such that it can’t know the last digit. It can’t know everything, since it can’t know every digit of pi. While a theologian might say that God knows the infinite, how does he or she know that god would know every digit of pi and e and all irrational numbers? Numbers just exist, and they were not created by a god. For some reason, these two debated about whether or not god created numbers. As uncreated things, they are still things. Hence, they exist.